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Cultural Adaptation • Evidence-Based Practices
This resource list outlines the mental health treatments that have
the strongest research evidence to support their effectiveness.
They are organized by their usefulness for the major diagnostic
groups.
Please note
that with only a few exceptions the treatments listed below represent
broad categories of treatment approaches (e.g., cognitive behavioral
therapy) rather than specific examples of treatments within those
categories (e.g., Foa's prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD).
Applicants
for the Cultural Adaptation Initiative must propose
to implement one or more of the EBPs listed below to be eligible
for funding.
Depression
For both adults
and children, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal
therapy (IPT) have been shown to effectively address the range
of depressive disorders. CBT centers on modifying the patients'
maladaptive thinking patterns and behaviors that lead to and perpetuate
depression. IPT assists the patient with working through problematic
relationships that may be fueling the depression.
Anxiety
Disorders
For both adults
and children, the two most effective types of psychotherapy for
anxiety disorders are behavioral therapy and cognitive
therapy. Behavior therapy works by teaching the patient techniques,
such as breathing and relaxation, and/or by exposing the patient
to anxiety-provoking stimuli in a graduated fashion. Cognitive therapy
focuses on identifying and modifying patients' maladaptive thought
processes that can lead to and perpetuate anxiety. Exposure therapy,
a variation of CBT, is the most effective psychotherapy for specific
phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder. Exposure therapy
involves the basic components of CBT plus exposure to the phobic
object or traumatic memories and related images in order to reduce
symptoms. There are manualized, child-specific CBT models as well
for treating children, such as trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT).
Attention
Deficit - Hyperactivity Disorder
For children,
the combination of medication and behavior therapy often
yields the best results. For example, behavior management training
provides practical skill-building for both the child and parent
to better manage problem behaviors and can be effective as a first-line
or single intervention. Curriculum-based protocols are available.
Externalizing
Disorders
For children
with disruptive or oppositional behaviors, behavior management
training provides information and skill building for both child
and parent to change unwanted child behavior. There are a number
of curriculum-based protocols for use with either children or adolescents,
with additional components for parental skill building.
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